Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition where blood sugar stays too high because the body resists or under-produces insulin. It is managed with diet, activity, weight control and medication, and good control prevents complications to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.
Some people achieve remission (normal blood sugar without medication) through significant weight loss and lifestyle change, especially early on, but it can return and needs ongoing follow-up.
HbA1c is a blood test that reflects your average blood sugar over about three months. It is widely used to diagnose diabetes and track control.