Kidney stones

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe, cramping pain in the back or side as they pass. Small stones often pass with fluids and pain relief; larger ones may need a procedure. Staying well hydrated helps prevent them.

Symptoms

• Severe back or side pain, often in waves
• Pain spreading to the lower abdomen/groin
• Blood in urine
• Nausea
• Painful or frequent urination

When to see a doctor

• Severe or persistent pain
• Fever with the pain (urgent — possible infection)
• Unable to pass urine, or persistent vomiting

FAQs

How can I prevent kidney stones?

The most important step is staying well hydrated so your urine stays dilute. Reducing salt and following advice for your specific stone type also helps.